the ADHD brain

“People with ADHD have a race car brain with bicycle brakes. Strengthen the brakes, and you can win races.”
– Dr. Edward Hallowell, psychiatrist and ADHD specialist

Understanding ADHD and the Benefits of Structured Instruction

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. These behaviors can significantly impact a child's academic performance and daily functioning.

The ADHD Brain

Research has identified structural and functional differences in the brains of individuals with ADHD:

Structural Differences: Studies have found that ADHD is associated with weaker function and structure of prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuits, especially in the right hemisphere.
Functional Differences: Individuals with ADHD may exhibit altered activity in brain regions responsible for attention, impulse control, and executive function.

Structured Instruction

Structured instruction refers to an educational approach that is systematic, explicit, and organized, providing clear guidelines and expectations. This method is particularly beneficial for children with ADHD, as it aligns with their unique cognitive profiles.

Key Components:

Clear and Consistent Routines: Establishing predictable schedules helps reduce anxiety and improve focus.
Explicit Instructions: Providing clear, concise, and direct instructions minimizes confusion and enhances understanding.
Break Tasks into Manageable Steps: Dividing instruction into smaller, achievable parts prevents overwhelm and maintains engagement.
Frequent Feedback and Positive Reinforcement: Regular feedback encourages progress and reinforces desired behaviors.

Why It Works for Children with ADHD

Structured instruction caters to the specific needs of children with ADHD by:

Enhancing Focus: Clear guidelines and routines help maintain attention on tasks.
Reducing Impulsivity: Predictable structures provide a framework that discourages impulsive behaviors.
Supporting Executive Function: Organized approaches assist in planning, organizing, and completing tasks effectively.

Supporting Research

Studies have demonstrated that structured instructional strategies can lead to improvements in academic performance and behavioral outcomes for children with ADHD. For instance, implementing clear routines and explicit teaching methods has been associated with enhanced attention and reduced hyperactive behaviors.

Understanding the neurological underpinnings of ADHD highlights the importance of tailored educational approaches. Structured instruction offers a supportive framework that addresses the challenges faced by children with ADHD, promoting their academic success and overall well-being.

Helpful resources:

www.understood.org

Smart but Scattered; Peg Dawson